It is Important to Start Investing Early

October 27, 2009


When you take your first steps into the working world, a step that usually comes hand in hand with finally moving out on your own, there are a lot of places you suddenly find your money disappearing to. Not only is there an onset of bills of the like you may have never imagined but there is the desire to buy all those things you were always wanting to buy. Now that you finally have the money to get that bigger TV, the car and gadgets you have always wanted it’s hard to stop yourself.

The problem that many people have when they first get to this position is that in doing all of this spending the money vanishes faster than they would have ever thought. The value of a dollar never seems to fully show itself until you are making what you think is a lot of money and then watch it add up to nothing.

In essence there is nothing wrong with this. It is a stage of life like any other and it comes with its own lessons to be learned. Truly, the most important thing to keep track of in this period is avoiding any significant debt; this is doubly true if you are just getting out of school and already have that education debt hanging over you.

If you are one of the lucky people who learn how to handle that and manage their money properly then there are other steps, just as important, to take. Most of us are never taught just what we are supposed to do with our money and how we can make that money work for us. Many people manage to avoid debt and even find a way of saving chunks of each paycheck in a bank account but too few of them do anything more with their savings than that.

For so many reasons, just leaving money sitting in a bank is a bad idea; if only because by the end of each year the bank is likely to take more fees than it gives interest. While leaving enough liquid funds to get by each month is important, taking excess funds and investing them is just as important. For people that do not have excess funds it is even more important that they find a way to create them.

By investing the money wisely, typically starting off with investments that build slowly but steadily, you are able to better ensure you have money for your later years. And just because your later years are far away doesn’t mean you should wait to invest. The thing is that the best investments are the ones that take time to pay off. The ones that make you rich over night are few and far between and are also the ones that are risky enough to make you broke overnight as well.

When you invest those few extra dollars you are able to put aside early they are able to turn into bigger dollars in the years that follow. Twenty dollars a week going into an average paying fund will not turn into thousands after a few years; but if you start that twenty dollars a week when your young, then it will be worth something significant when you really need it.
Mika Hamilton runs a website offering free investment tips and strategies for people looking to get started in the investment world. visit http://www.Global-Investment-Institute.com for more tips and articles like this.

How To Invest Your Money Safely

October 27, 2009


When it comes to making investments, most people know that there is always room for a possible loss. Stock market investments in particular are rather notorious for taking a rather well funded portfolio and emptying it rather quickly. Of course, that does not happen all the time, otherwise no one would do it. If, on the other hand, you do not want to take what many consider to be an unnecessary risk, there are a number of other investments that are reasonably safer, can still bring a good return, and are definitely worthwhile. Here are a couple of them.

A common phrase that is often used these days to refer to the making of your investments safer is having a balanced portfolio. This means that you are not putting all of your eggs into one basket. You know that some markets are a much greater risk than others, such as trading on the stock market, and so you put some of your investment capital into some that are much safer and less likely to be lost. This “balance,” created by placing some of your investment into a variety of potential interest bearing accounts, should result in an overall gain.

Investments Depend On The Person

If you are a young person, then it should mean that you would be willing to take a higher risk (assuming you have some capital that may be lost). The possibility of the highest gains, unfortunately, also come from the markets with the potential for the highest change. This means that there is a much greater likelihood of a real loss – especially if you do not know what you are doing. By using the services of an experienced trader however, a stockbroker that has been doing it for years, you minimize the possibility of loss. But you should only invest a portion of your finances into the stock market.

If, on the other hand, you are much closer to retirement age, then you do not want to take such a risk with your funds. Instead, you would want to place your soon to be needed funds into a much more stable growth account, where the loss can be minimized and yet still bring a return in interest.

Stable Investing In Trust Funds

If you are looking to stabilize your investments in the stock market with something that is relatively sure, then you need to consider mutual funds. This form of investing places your investment into the hands of investors that basically do the investing for you. They watch the market, manage the funds, and make the changes necessary in order to keep your account growing. After you inform them of what level of risk you are willing to take, then the rest is done for you. They take your funds and spread them over a diverse sort of investments, and it gives you a much more stable package.

The Most Stable Investment – Bonds

Probably the most stable investment you can make is to buy bonds. The safest, of course, are the US Savings Bonds. These are purchased at a set price and guarantee a set interest amount in a specified time period. You cannot get much safer than that – and probably not much is safer than the US Government – investment wise. If you are looking for the highest stability available, then you need to take some of your investment portfolio and add some bonds to it. Bonds are also available from other corporations, cities, etc., but their strength is limited to the financial strength of the company. The longer the time period of your investment – the greater the risk that the company may not be around.

In addition to creating a balanced portfolio, you need either to become very knowledgeable about financial investing, or you need to seek professional counsel. Many people lose a lot of money every year simply because of unnecessary risks. These risks would never have been taken if they had sought counsel from someone who knows much more than they did about the market and investing methods. A truly balanced portfolio will also have an expert to help guide you through the many potential hazards of the investment world.
Joe Kenny writes for the Personal Loans Store, allowing visitors to compare loans and also focuses on personal loans in the UK.
Visit Today: http://www.ukpersonalloanstore.co.uk

FOREX Accounts One Size Does Not Fit All

October 26, 2009


Once you have decided that you have the proper mindset and are ready to start investing on the FOREX exchange you are ready for the next step. That step is to select the type of FOREX account you want to open. You should make this decision before you pick a broker to work with. Some brokerage companies specialize in one type of account or another. The type of account you choose could affect your broker choice.

You will find that most brokers offer several types of accounts. The primary differences between the account types will be margin requirements, minimum deposit and lot sizes. You will need to consider your trading strategy and financial resources to select the right account. The three most common accounts are mini accounts, standard accounts and managed accounts.

The most popular account with new investors is the mini account. One of the factors that make the mini account so popular with beginners is that it has the lowest minimum deposit requirements. The minimum deposit requirements for a mini account are dependent on the broker, some will allow you to open an account with only a $100 deposit. Most mini accounts will deal with lot sizes as small as 10 thousand currency units. Mini accounts may provide as much as a 200 to 1 margin rate and only require $50 per lot to trade. This means that with $50 you will be able to control $10,000 worth of currency.

Most mini accounts have a built in safeguard because they are aimed at beginning investors. This is usually referred to as “Guaranteed Limited Risk”; this guarantees that you will never lose more than your initial investment in a trade. In the case where the currency drops and the broker would need to make a margin call to keep your position open they automatically close the trade. This will cause you to lose the money you invested into this trade but you will not end up owing the broker money. The downside to this is that if the currency rebounds you will no longer have a position that you could profit from.

A standard account is another common account that has higher deposit requirements than a mini account. The usual investment to open a standard account with most brokers is $2,000. These accounts usually trade in lots of 100,000 units. With a standard account you will still usually have a margin ration of 200 to 1. To purchase a normal lot of 100,000 thousand units then will require a deposit of $500 from you. It is still pretty common with a standard account to have the “Guaranteed Limited Risk” safeguard included.

Some brokers will also offer what is called a “Managed Account”. With a managed account you will not be actively trading. A professional trader will be assigned to your account and will use your money to make trades. This requires a much lower investment of time and knowledge from you. Managed accounts usually have a higher minimum requirement amount, often of $10,000 or more.

You will want to consider your knowledge, financial situation and risk tolerance when deciding which account type will work best for you.
Ready to learn forex trading? Want to learn about FOREX Trading Signals.
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It is Important to Start Investing Early

October 26, 2009


When you take your first steps into the working world, a step that usually comes hand in hand with finally moving out on your own, there are a lot of places you suddenly find your money disappearing to. Not only is there an onset of bills of the like you may have never imagined but there is the desire to buy all those things you were always wanting to buy. Now that you finally have the money to get that bigger TV, the car and gadgets you have always wanted it’s hard to stop yourself.

The problem that many people have when they first get to this position is that in doing all of this spending the money vanishes faster than they would have ever thought. The value of a dollar never seems to fully show itself until you are making what you think is a lot of money and then watch it add up to nothing.

In essence there is nothing wrong with this. It is a stage of life like any other and it comes with its own lessons to be learned. Truly, the most important thing to keep track of in this period is avoiding any significant debt; this is doubly true if you are just getting out of school and already have that education debt hanging over you.

If you are one of the lucky people who learn how to handle that and manage their money properly then there are other steps, just as important, to take. Most of us are never taught just what we are supposed to do with our money and how we can make that money work for us. Many people manage to avoid debt and even find a way of saving chunks of each paycheck in a bank account but too few of them do anything more with their savings than that.

For so many reasons, just leaving money sitting in a bank is a bad idea; if only because by the end of each year the bank is likely to take more fees than it gives interest. While leaving enough liquid funds to get by each month is important, taking excess funds and investing them is just as important. For people that do not have excess funds it is even more important that they find a way to create them.

By investing the money wisely, typically starting off with investments that build slowly but steadily, you are able to better ensure you have money for your later years. And just because your later years are far away doesn’t mean you should wait to invest. The thing is that the best investments are the ones that take time to pay off. The ones that make you rich over night are few and far between and are also the ones that are risky enough to make you broke overnight as well.

When you invest those few extra dollars you are able to put aside early they are able to turn into bigger dollars in the years that follow. Twenty dollars a week going into an average paying fund will not turn into thousands after a few years; but if you start that twenty dollars a week when your young, then it will be worth something significant when you really need it.
Mika Hamilton runs a website offering free investment tips and strategies for people looking to get started in the investment world. visit http://www.Global-Investment-Institute.com for more tips and articles like this.

Forex Professional Market Investor Reveals A Short Cut To Mastering Stock Market Investing Rules

October 25, 2009


To operate effectively in any forex market investing environment, you need rules and boundaries to guide your behaviour. No matter what system you`ve developed, the potential exists to do financial damage to yourself – damage that can be greater than you think is possible. There are many types of trades which the risk of loss is unlimited.

To prevent this kind of loss, you need to create an internal structure in the form of guide lines that determine your behaviour so you always act in your own best interest. This structure has to be internal because the market won`t provide it for you. The markets provide structure in the form of behaviour patterns that indicate when an opportunity to buy or sell exists. But that`s where the structure ends; with a simple indication. Nothing happens until you decide to start or forex market investing; you continue to trade as long as you want; and there is no end until you decide to stop.

All the beginnings, middles, and endings of your trades are the result of your interpretation of the information available from the market. However, while the average trader may want the freedom to make these choices, but that doesn`t mean they are ready and willing to accept the responsibility for the outcomes. The reality of forex market investing is that, if you want to be successful, you have to accept that no matter what the outcome may be, you are completely responsible. Not the market, not the economy, not world events – you.

Traders who are not ready to accept this responsibility can find themselves in a dilemma: How do you participate in an activity that allows complete freedom of choice and avoid taking responsibility if the outcomes of your choices are poor? This can be accomplished by adopting a forex market investing style that is random. Random trading can be defined as poorly planned trades, or trades that are not planned at all.

Randomness in trading is unstructured freedom without responsibility. When we trade without well-defined plans and with an unlimited set of variables, it`s very easy to take credit for the trades that turn out to our liking, because in our minds we used some kind of method. But at the same time, it`s very easy to avoid taking responsibility for the trades that didn`t turn out the way we wanted, because there`s always some variable we didn`t know about and therefore couldn`t take into consideration beforehand. Random forex market investing is an unorganized approach that doesn`t allow you to find out what works and what doesn`t.

If the market`s behaviour were truly random, then it would be difficult, if not impossible, to create consistent results. If it`s impossible to generate consistent results, then we really don`t have to take responsibility. However, direct experience with the market tells a different story. The same market behaviour patterns present themselves over and over again. Even though the outcome of each individual pattern is random, the outcome of a series of patterns is consistent and statistically reliable.

These patterns can aid your forex market investing if you choose to use a disciplined, organized, and consistent approach. Many traders spend hours doing market analysis and planning trades for the next day. Then, instead of making the trades they planned, they do something else. The trades they make are usually ideas from friends or tips from brokers. By making unstructured, random trades, they are able to avoid responsibility.

Why would they do this? When you act on your own ideas, you put your abilities on the line and get instant feedback on how well your ideas worked. It`s difficult to rationalize away any unsatisfactory endings, since they`re the direct results of actions. On the other hand, when you enter an unplanned, random trade, you shrug off the responsibility by blaming your friend or broker for their bad ideas.

The nature of forex market investing itself also makes it easy to escape responsibility. Any trade has the potential to be a winner, whether you`re a great analyst or a poor one. It takes a lot of effort to create and follow a disciplined approach that will make you a consistent winner. But, if you invest the effort, you can achieve success as a trader, and reap the benefits of the market.
Who Else Wants To Learn A Simple, Step-By-Step System For Generating Quick & Easy Profits, Trading Forex? – FREE FOR A LIMITED TIME – http://www.forexcurrencytradingsystems.com/index.php

Smart Investment Options For Your Retirement

October 25, 2009


Saving money and then watching it grow is an exciting thing but this requires knowing the right means of investing. In addition to a standard savings account, people invest with IRAs, stocks, bonds, real estate, businesses, 401K programs, and so on. The good news is that when it comes to investing, you have many excellent options from which to choose. Obviously, you want to choose the option that will make the most out of your hard-earned money.

Although people invest for different reasons, the number one reason is for retirement. Knowing how hard it would be to live off Social Security, people, especially those from the Baby Boomer era, are taking investing seriously, and they should. When you consider the low income for retirees, along with inflation, trying to live a decent life would be a challenge. Unfortunately, millions of people now live at or below poverty level because they did not plan for their retirement.

One of the most popular forms used for investing is the stock market. If you choose the right stock and the right equations, you can do very well. However, with the stock market, you need to remember that you are depending on market performance. In other words, if the stock market were ever to plummet as it did before, you could lose everything. For this reason, while the stock market is one option for investing, there are others with fewer risks.

For starters, there is a 401K and IRA. With this, you might think about contributing to an IRA account, based off funds from your company’s 401K plan. With a 401K, most companies will match funds to a certain point. Then, once you have achieved a set level, you would become eligible for the highest matching possible, allowing you to contribute to an IRA. When looking at an IRA, we recommend you choose one that does not penalize you for taking money out. Although the goal is to leave the money in, you could be faced with an emergency in which you would need to withdraw some funds. Therefore, a Roth IRA would be the ideal solution.

Investing can also be done by diversifying your mutual funds. Once you have invested your money in a standard index fund, you would need to look at various markets and industries of interest. With this, compare the mutual funds that concentrate on different aspects of the market. The bottom line is that if you use your mutual funds for investing in various market segments, you get the advantage of large trends while eliminating the risk with other types of investments.

You will also find a number of online investing companies that will allow you to buy stock for as little as $4. These programs are convenient and if done right, can be beneficial. The key in this case is not to become too “trade happy”, meaning you should not trade too often. For the most back on your money with online investing, we suggest you commit to following up on your stocks no more than once a week. Keep in mind that other types of investing include corporate bonds, insider trading, and 529 funds, which is a great way to save for your child’s future college.
Grant Segall writes for the investment and money matters website Investentry.com

Do Not Lose Your Shirt With a Margin Account

October 24, 2009


The key to the FOREX market for the average investor is the margin. Without margin trading currency trading would be beyond most investors. I will explain what the margin is and how it works.
When you have a margin account you are able to control large amounts of currency with a relatively small cash deposit. When you have a margin account with a broker you are in effect borrowing money from the broker to control a larger lot of currency. Currency is normally sold in lots with a value of $100,000. A common term used when discussing margin accounts is leverage. Leverage is how much you can control with a certain amount of money. The leverage is usually displayed as a ration such as 1:100. That would allow you to control currency worth 100 times the amount of money you have invested.
To better explain this in a FOREX exchange with a 1% margin account you could control $100,000 worth of a currency while only investing $1000. Margin accounts can allow you to greatly increase your profit; they also allow you to increase your risk. With a margin account it is possible for a trader to lose more than their initial investment. With a little prudence though losses can be minimized. Most brokers will terminate a trade before the losses exceed the original deposit.

Benefits
As discussed before a margin account allows you to buy more with the money you have which can greatly increase your profit on successful trades. By controlling a $100,000 worth of currency for only $1000 the potential gain is greater. When dealing with large lots of currency even small changes can produce significant results.
Currency on the FOREX market is traded in far more precise units than actual cash is. As an example the American dollar is traded down to four decimal points. So when you were to quote the dollar against another currency you will see a price like $1.7834 instead of $1.78. A PIP is the smallest unit when trading currencies, when dealing with $100,000 lots then each pip is worth about $10.
If the price of the American dollar changes from $1.7834 to $1.7934, you have a net difference of 100 pips. If you have a lot of $100,000 then that 100 pips will translate to $1000 where as if you were not using the margin your original $1000 would only show a profit of $10. Hardly what most would consider a highly profitable trade?
In short the primary benefit of using a margin account is that it can greatly increase the profit margin of a trade.

Risks
Since there is such a significant increase in profit potential when using a margin account it only stands to reason that there is also an increase. In fact it is quite possible to have your entire margin account wiped out fairly quickly. When using a 1% margin account a shift in the currency of a single penny will cost you $1000.
The FOREX exchange has many safety features to help you reduce the risk of this happening. One example is a stop loss order. A stop loss order will automatically close out your position in a currency if the price crosses the point you have set. This allows you to limit your losses while still having the opportunity to realize a profit.
Another risk that many people overlook is that if the price nears the point where your losses are close to being equal to the value of your margin account your broker may close out your position. If you were trying to rid out a temporary downturn that you expect to turn around soon you could find that your broker has closed it causing you to lose your entire balance and have no option to make a profit if the price moves up again.

This is a basic introduction to margin accounts and how they work, visit the website listed below to learn more about the FOREX market.
Ready to learn forex trading? Want to learn about FOREX Trading Signal.
Learn our FOREX day trading system completely free.

Smart Investment Options For Your Retirement

October 24, 2009


Saving money and then watching it grow is an exciting thing but this requires knowing the right means of investing. In addition to a standard savings account, people invest with IRAs, stocks, bonds, real estate, businesses, 401K programs, and so on. The good news is that when it comes to investing, you have many excellent options from which to choose. Obviously, you want to choose the option that will make the most out of your hard-earned money.

Although people invest for different reasons, the number one reason is for retirement. Knowing how hard it would be to live off Social Security, people, especially those from the Baby Boomer era, are taking investing seriously, and they should. When you consider the low income for retirees, along with inflation, trying to live a decent life would be a challenge. Unfortunately, millions of people now live at or below poverty level because they did not plan for their retirement.

One of the most popular forms used for investing is the stock market. If you choose the right stock and the right equations, you can do very well. However, with the stock market, you need to remember that you are depending on market performance. In other words, if the stock market were ever to plummet as it did before, you could lose everything. For this reason, while the stock market is one option for investing, there are others with fewer risks.

For starters, there is a 401K and IRA. With this, you might think about contributing to an IRA account, based off funds from your company’s 401K plan. With a 401K, most companies will match funds to a certain point. Then, once you have achieved a set level, you would become eligible for the highest matching possible, allowing you to contribute to an IRA. When looking at an IRA, we recommend you choose one that does not penalize you for taking money out. Although the goal is to leave the money in, you could be faced with an emergency in which you would need to withdraw some funds. Therefore, a Roth IRA would be the ideal solution.

Investing can also be done by diversifying your mutual funds. Once you have invested your money in a standard index fund, you would need to look at various markets and industries of interest. With this, compare the mutual funds that concentrate on different aspects of the market. The bottom line is that if you use your mutual funds for investing in various market segments, you get the advantage of large trends while eliminating the risk with other types of investments.

You will also find a number of online investing companies that will allow you to buy stock for as little as $4. These programs are convenient and if done right, can be beneficial. The key in this case is not to become too “trade happy”, meaning you should not trade too often. For the most back on your money with online investing, we suggest you commit to following up on your stocks no more than once a week. Keep in mind that other types of investing include corporate bonds, insider trading, and 529 funds, which is a great way to save for your child’s future college.
Grant Segall writes for the investment and money matters website Investentry.com

Real Estate Investing Avoid Buying a Unique Home in Preforeclosure Even From a Nice Family

October 24, 2009


Early in my career as a real estate investor, I got a call from a really nice family about to lose their home to foreclosure. Located in the suburbs, the house looked pretty much like every other house in the middle-income neighborhood on the outside. On the inside, though, the house was very unusual.

You see, the husband and wife were theater majors in college and they remodeled the lower level of their home to look like the set of a movie. The home gym looked like the set of Million Dollar Baby. The playroom looked like the set of Home Alone. And the home theater (with seating for six and a big screen TV) was painted entirely black, floor, walls, and ceiling.

The parents home-schooled all four children, so the lower level also housed a study room with computers and desks. The two-car garage was fully carpeted because the youngest children liked to play there during the day.

The house was a full time home, school, gym and theater for this family. The parents thought they would live there forever – or at least until the last of their children moved away. But sadly, they missed a couple of mortgage payments and found it impossible to catch up. They called me in hopes of selling their house fast so they could save their credit.

When I did my due diligence, I learned that homes in this neighborhood did not stay on the market long. Close to the public schools, it was a quiet neighborhood with lots of green space. Add to that: the neighborhood homeowners association often held potluck dinners and street parties and were the envy of the surrounding community.

What could be better? I thought. A great one-of-a-kind house in a great neighborhood at a great price.

I bought the house with about 20% equity, no money out of my pocket, and cash back at closing. I immediately put the house on the market. At the time I thought the uniqueness of the property would be a great selling point. I thought it would stand out as “one of a kind” and families would fight to live there.

Boy, was I wrong.

Most people who looked at the house thought the unique features of the lower level were just plain weird.

I marketed the house specifically to families with children who I thought would love the spacious gym, the play room, the home theater, and the study rooms as much as the family who had put so much of their personal stamp on them. But no one else seemed to see the beauty of it.

Only the strangeness of it.

The house sat on the market five months without a decent offer. I watched my profit dwindle drastically over six months while paying holding costs, utilities, and lawn care.

Then I made a hard decision. I hired a remodeler to transform the lower level into an ordinary looking basement with smooth white walls, dropped ceilings and beige carpet. I watched even more of my profit evaporate.

But I quickly found a buyer.

Lesson to be learned: Three bedroom, two bath, bread-and-butter houses are the best investment properties for a reason. Everyone can imagine living in an ordinary house. Not everyone can see themselves living in a really unique one.
Krista Goering is an attorney, real estate investor, and coach who teaches real estate investing strategies online. Over a two year period, she bought and sold more than $4.5 million of real estate using these strategies. To receive her FREE Foreclosure Guide and Expert Tips, go to http://www.foreclosures-now.info.

Things To Know Before Investing Online

October 23, 2009


Before you take your hard earned money and invest it, it is a good idea to have a plan before you get started. First you will need to define your goal.

A goal can be owning a new home, buying a new car, having enough money for your child’s education as well as a host of other things that need to be thought through. Write a list of yours and your families goals and choose the one thing you desire the most. Next to each item write by when you want to achieve that goal.

You will then need to decide how many years you have to meet each of your targeted goals. This is important because you will need to find the best investment plan for the timeframe you have set up for yourself. You can find many tools to help you figure these things out when you do a little research on the internet.

The next step is to make a financial plan. This will entail figuring out your finances. You will have to be honest about the situation you find yourself in right now When you plan a trip, you never leave without knowing where it is you are starting from and the same can be said about the journey to a secure financial future. Make a list of your assets as well as your liabilities and see how they stack up against each other. With any luck and a lot of hard work, you should have more money coming in than going out and it is with this money you must decide whether to invest online or not.

If you are interested in investing larger amounts of money, but are wondering where it will come from, making small changes in your daily routine can end up saving you a lot of money. Take the cost of a large cup of coffee every morning. If that coffee is more than $1.75 per day, you are wasting as much as fifty dollars a month. If you took that fifty dollars and invested it wisely, it could wind up being five hundred dollars. So make an effort to get a travel cup and make your coffee at home. Put the money you would have spent in a jar, and take the money and invest it.

If you put your money into a savings account that earns 5% interest in a year, you could be talking a nice piece of change you will have to invest. You can do the same thing with going out to eat or going to see a movie. Whenever you deprive yourself of a treat, pay the container anyway and watch your savings account grow.

When you decide to invest online, you want to be sure you have enough money to take the risk. You don’t want to take away from your family needs on a chance that you can double or triple your money. You may lose it instead, and money earmarked for your family expenses shouldn’t be used for online investing.
James Brown writes about ShareBuilder 401(k) promotion code, TradingSolutions.com online coupons and ShareBuilder coupon

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U.S. Government Required Disclaimer - Options trading has large potential rewards, but also large potential risk. You must be aware of the risks and be willing to accept them in order to invest in the options markets. Don't trade with money you can't afford to lose. This website is neither a solicitation nor an offer to Buy/Sell options. No representation is being made that any account will or is likely to achieve profits or losses similar to those discussed on this website. The past performance of any trading system or methodology is not necessarily indicative of future results.

HYPOTHETICAL OR SIMULATED PERFORMANCE RESULTS HAVE CERTAIN LIMITATIONS. UNLIKE AN ACTUAL PERFORMANCE RECORD, SIMULATED RESULTS DO NOT REPRESENT ACTUAL TRADING. ALSO, SINCE THE TRADES HAVE NOT BEEN EXECUTED, THE RESULTS MAY HAVE UNDER-OR-OVER COMPENSATED FOR THE IMPACT, IF ANY, OF CERTAIN MARKET FACTORS, SUCH AS LACK OF LIQUIDITY. SIMULATED TRADING PROGRAMS IN GENERAL ARE ALSO SUBJECT TO THE FACT THAT THEY ARE DESIGNED WITH THE BENEFIT OF HINDSIGHT. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT ANY ACCOUNT WILL OR IS LIKELY TO ACHIEVE PROFIT OR LOSSES SIMILAR TO THOSE SHOWN.